Which description best matches a simple structure?

• A. Centralized Authority with Flat Hierarchy and Low Formalization
• B. High Degree of Formalization and Departmentalization
• C. Matrix-Based Collaboration Across Departments
• D. Decentralized Decision Making with Cross-Functional Teams

Answer: (A)

A simple structure centers decision-making authority in a single leader, keeps the organization with very few levels of management, and relies on informal processes with little written guidance. This combination—centralized authority, a flat hierarchy, and low formalization—lets the top leader make fast decisions and communicate directly with everyone, which is typical for small or early-stage organizations.

The other descriptions imply more complexity: high formalization and departmentalization describe a rule-driven, functionally divided organization; matrix-based collaboration introduces cross-department reporting and shared authority; and decentralized decision-making with cross-functional teams spreads power and creates teams across different areas. All of these add layers, rules, or structured collaboration that go beyond what a simple structure uses.