Which ethical approach is guided by respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity?

• A. Individual Approach
• B. Moral-Rights Approach
• C. Justice Approach
• D. Analytical Style of Decision Making

Answer: (C)

This question tests the idea of judging actions by fairness and equal treatment through impartial standards. The Justice Approach is about ensuring outcomes and processes are fair to everyone, with rules that apply equally to all and without bias. It emphasizes distributing benefits and burdens in a way that is equitable, so similar situations are treated similarly and people aren’t favored or harmed based on who they are. That focus on impartial procedures and fair distribution makes it the best fit for guiding decisions with respect to fairness and equity.

If we contrast with other perspectives, the Moral-Rights Approach centers on safeguarding fundamental rights of individuals, which is related but not the same as enforcing fair procedures and equitable outcomes for all. The Individual Approach prioritizes the decision maker’s personal interests or relationships, which can override fairness principles. The Analytical Style of Decision Making is about the method used to think through problems rather than the normative standard used to judge fairness.